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      ssh配置免密码登录至Linux—已配置密钥仍无法登陆等问题
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        <h2 id="SSH连接免密码登录配置"><a href="#SSH连接免密码登录配置" class="headerlink" title="SSH连接免密码登录配置"></a>SSH连接免密码登录配置</h2><h3 id="方法一：手动复制公钥至服务器"><a href="#方法一：手动复制公钥至服务器" class="headerlink" title="方法一：手动复制公钥至服务器"></a>方法一：手动复制公钥至服务器</h3><ol>
<li><code>ssh-keygen -t rsa</code> 在客户端生成密钥对  </li>
<li>把公钥拷贝给要登录的目标主机，手动复制粘贴</li>
<li>目标主机上将这个公钥加入到授权列表 <code>cat id_rsa.pub &gt;&gt;authorized_keys</code>  </li>
<li>目标主机还要将这个授权列表文件权限修改为 <code>600</code> , <code>chmod 600 authorized_keys</code>  </li>
<li>在用户目录下即 <code>~</code> 执行以下步骤：  <ol>
<li><code>rm -rf .ssh/</code> # 会删除已有的密钥，谨慎删除</li>
<li><code>ssh-keygen -t rsa</code></li>
<li><code>cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub &gt;&gt; .ssh/authorized_keys</code></li>
<li><code>chmod 700 .ssh</code></li>
<li><code>chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys</code></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>这种方法容易出错，推荐使用方法二  </p>
</blockquote>
<a id="more"></a>

<h3 id="方法二：在本地主机（客户端）上生成密钥对，使用-ssh-copy-id-将公钥复制到远程服务器中"><a href="#方法二：在本地主机（客户端）上生成密钥对，使用-ssh-copy-id-将公钥复制到远程服务器中" class="headerlink" title="方法二：在本地主机（客户端）上生成密钥对，使用 ssh-copy-id 将公钥复制到远程服务器中"></a><strong>方法二：在本地主机（客户端）上生成密钥对，使用 <code>ssh-copy-id</code> 将公钥复制到远程服务器中</strong></h3><ol>
<li>在本地机器上使用 <code>ssh-keygen</code> 产生公钥私钥对</li>
<li>用 <code>ssh-copy-id</code> 将公钥复制到远程机器中。默认: <code>ssh-copy-id</code> 会将Public Key写到远程机器的 <code>~/.ssh/authorized_key</code> 文件中</li>
<li><code>ssh-copy-id</code> 需要输入密码；第一次连接需要输入 <code>yes</code> 同意连接</li>
<li>以后登录到服务器都不用输入密码啦</li>
</ol>
<p>上述步骤对应命令如下：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="false"data-rel="BASH"><figure class="iseeu highlight /bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ ssh-keygen <span class="comment"># -t rsa 指定RSA加密算法</span></span><br><span class="line">Generating public/private rsa key pair.</span><br><span class="line">Enter file <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">which</span> to save the key (/Users/yan/.ssh/id_rsa): /Users/yan/.ssh/login2bwg  <span class="comment"># 指定密钥保存路径</span></span><br><span class="line">Enter passphrase (empty <span class="keyword">for</span> no passphrase): <span class="comment"># 直接回车就行</span></span><br><span class="line">Enter same passphrase again: <span class="comment"># 再次回车</span></span><br><span class="line">Your identification has been saved <span class="keyword">in</span> /Users/yan/.ssh/login2bwg. <span class="comment"># 刚才指定的密钥路径就是私钥文件的路径</span></span><br><span class="line">Your public key has been saved <span class="keyword">in</span> /Users/yan/.ssh/login2bwg.pub. <span class="comment"># .pub结尾的是私钥所对应的公钥</span></span><br><span class="line">The key fingerprint is:</span><br><span class="line">SHA256:1cK3jNxBM/9Kx5mSqyMl+w8BPzJpxIZL3cVNO380SfE yan@Mac-mini.local</span><br><span class="line">The key<span class="string">'s randomart image is:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">+---[RSA 3072]----+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|            =.o+.|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|        +..o.=..+|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|       o *+.+ .=E|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|      . +o+* o.+*|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|       .S=o++o.o*|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|        ..o.o.oo.|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|          +. ..  |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|         o .o    |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">|          ooo.   |</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">+----[SHA256]-----+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/login2bwg.pub root@2001:470:c:1ab0::2 -p 26885 # 将公钥复制到远程服务器的root用户目录</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/Users/yan/.ssh/login2bwg.pub"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">root@2001:470:c:1ab0::2'</span>s password: <span class="comment"># 需要输入服务器密码</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Number of key(s) added:        1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Now try logging into the machine, with:   <span class="string">"ssh -p '26885' 'root@2001:470:c:1ab0::2'"</span></span><br><span class="line">and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">$ ssh -p 26885 root@2001:470:c:1ab0::2</span><br><span class="line">root@2001:470:c:1ab0::2<span class="string">'s password: # 这里遇到了问题，仍然要求输入密码才能登录。服务器端没有配置开启密钥登录，看下文的方法进行配置。</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<h3 id="无法将公钥复制添加到服务器-ssh-authorized-keys-文件中"><a href="#无法将公钥复制添加到服务器-ssh-authorized-keys-文件中" class="headerlink" title="无法将公钥复制添加到服务器 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中"></a>无法将公钥复制添加到服务器 <code>~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> 文件中</h3><p><strong>问题描述：</strong><br>在执行 <code>cat id_rsa.pub &gt;&gt;authorized_keys</code> 或 <code>ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/login2bwg.pub root@2001:470:c:1ab0::2 -p 26885</code> 将公钥添加到服务器时报错❌：即使是使用sudo仍然没有权限修改文件内容  </p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="false"data-rel="BASH"><figure class="iseeu highlight /bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ sudo cat id_rsa.pub &gt;&gt; authorized_keys</span><br><span class="line">-bash: authorized_keys: Operation not permitted</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p><strong>解决方法：</strong><br>通过 <code>lsattr</code> 命令发现文件受保护禁止任何编辑，有<code>i</code>输出，使用 <code>chattr -i</code> 命令删除保护属性</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="false"data-rel="BASH"><figure class="iseeu highlight /bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">root@brave-post-2:~/.ssh<span class="comment"># lsattr authorized_keys</span></span><br><span class="line">----i------------- authorized_keys</span><br><span class="line">root@brave-post-2:~/.ssh<span class="comment"># chattr -i authorized_keys</span></span><br><span class="line">root@brave-post-2:~/.ssh<span class="comment"># lsattr authorized_keys</span></span><br><span class="line">------------------ authorized_keys</span><br><span class="line">root@brave-post-2:~/.ssh<span class="comment"># cat github_actions2banwagon.pub &gt;&gt; authorized_keys # 已经能够修改authorized_keys的文件内容</span></span><br><span class="line">root@brave-post-2:~/.ssh<span class="comment">#</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>PS: 关于<code>lsattr</code> 和<code>chattr</code> 命令的简单用法。</p>
<p>(1) 用chattr命令防止系统中某个关键文件被修改<br><code>$ chattr +i /etc/resolv.conf</code><br>然后用 mv &#x2F;etc&#x2F;resolv.conf 等命令操作于该文件，都是得到 Operation not permitted 的结果。<br>vim编辑该文件时会提示W10: Warning: Changing a readonly file错误。要想修改此文件就要把i属性去掉：<br><code>chattr -i /etc/resolv.conf</code></p>
<p>使用 lsattr 命令来显示文件属性:<br><code>lsattr /etc/resolv.conf</code><br>输出结果为:<br><code>----i-------- /etc/resolv.conf</code></p>
<p>(2) 让某个文件只能往里面追加数据，但不能删除，适用于各种日志文件：<br><code>chattr +a /var/log/messages</code></p>
<h2 id="已经配置好了公钥私钥，Ubuntu服务器仍然要求输入密码才能进行ssh登录"><a href="#已经配置好了公钥私钥，Ubuntu服务器仍然要求输入密码才能进行ssh登录" class="headerlink" title="已经配置好了公钥私钥，Ubuntu服务器仍然要求输入密码才能进行ssh登录"></a>已经配置好了公钥私钥，Ubuntu服务器仍然要求输入密码才能进行ssh登录</h2><p>出现这个问题的原因是远程服务器上的sshd服务没有配置好，我用的Ubuntu 18.04默认配置是关闭使用私钥登录的，需要修改配置文件。</p>
<ol>
<li><p>在Ubuntu服务器上打开配置文件：  <code>sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>  </p>
</li>
<li><p>修改配置如下：</p>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="false"data-rel="BASH"><figure class="iseeu highlight /bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#禁用root账户登录，如果是用root用户登录请开启  </span></span><br><span class="line">PermitRootLogin yes  </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 是否让 sshd 去检查用户家目录或相关档案的权限数据，  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 这是为了担心使用者将某些重要档案的权限设错，可能会导致一些问题所致。  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 例如使用者的 ~.ssh/ 权限设错时，某些特殊情况下会不许用户登入  </span></span><br><span class="line">StrictModes no  </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 是否允许用户自行使用成对的密钥系统进行登入行为，仅针对 version 2。  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 至于自制的公钥数据就放置于用户家目录下的 .ssh/authorized_keys 内  </span></span><br><span class="line">RSAAuthentication yes  </span><br><span class="line">PubkeyAuthentication yes  </span><br><span class="line">AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys  </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 有了证书登录了，就禁用密码登录。 no为禁止密码登录</span></span><br><span class="line">PasswordAuthentication yes</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>最后重启SSH的服务 <code>sudo service sshd restart</code> 即刻生效。</p>
<p>再次ssh连接至服务器，此时已经不用输入密码即刻登录，如下图所示：</p>
<p><img src="/2020/06/22/ssh%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95/ssh.gif" alt="ssh连接免密码登录服务器"></p>

          
      
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